Web Development
Interaction to Next Paint: Profiling and Fixing Slow Interactions
A practical walkthrough of measuring Interaction to Next Paint and the concrete techniques for cutting down long input handlers that cause it.
3 min read
All articles
346 articles on engineering — newest first.
Java
Understanding JVM Memory Management
A deep dive into Java stack memory, heap memory, metaspace, and how garbage collection actually reclaims objects.
3 min read
Angular
State Management Patterns in Modern Signal-Based Angular
How signals change the calculus around state management in Angular, and when a plain service with writable signals is enough versus reaching for a store.
2 min read
Angular
A Mental Model for Angular Signals
Signals are not just a new API — they change how change detection works. Here is the model that makes signal, computed, and effect click.
3 min read
Stripe
Modeling Money Movement: Ledgers, State Machines, and Exactly-Once Effects
How Stripe models money movement with immutable ledger entries and explicit state machines to guarantee correctness even when networks and services fail.
3 min read
Web Development
Responsive Images: srcset, sizes, and Modern Formats
How srcset and sizes let the browser pick the right image resolution automatically, and how to layer AVIF and WebP on top with picture and source.
2 min read
Spring Boot
Consistent Error Handling in Spring Boot REST APIs
Design one error contract for your whole API using @RestControllerAdvice, ProblemDetail, and validation groups.
2 min read
AI
The Cost Model of LLM Features: Estimating and Controlling Spend
A framework for estimating LLM feature costs before shipping and the concrete levers that control spend once traffic scales beyond a prototype.
3 min read
Web Development
Modern CSS Selectors: :has(), :is(), and :where()
How :has(), :is(), and :where() let CSS express parent-based and grouped selectors that used to require JavaScript or repetitive rules.
3 min read
AI
Streaming LLM Responses: UX and Backend Plumbing
How to implement LLM response streaming end to end, from server-sent events to handling structured output and mid-stream tool calls.
3 min read
Angular
Building Accessible Components in Angular: Focus Management and ARIA
Practical patterns for managing focus and applying ARIA attributes correctly when building custom interactive components in Angular.
2 min read
AI
Multimodal Models in Real Products: Use Cases and Constraints
Where multimodal LLMs earn their cost in production products today, and the practical constraints around images, documents, and audio.
3 min read
React
How React Decides to Re-render
Renders are not DOM updates. Understand what actually triggers a render, what reconciliation does, and when memoization earns its keep.
2 min read
AI
Tool Calling Design Patterns for LLM Applications
Practical patterns for designing tool schemas and interfaces that models call reliably, from naming conventions to error surface design.
3 min read
AI
Observability for LLM Applications: Tracing, Tokens, and Feedback Loops
What to actually instrument in an LLM application beyond latency and error rate, and how to close the loop from production traffic to eval sets.
3 min read
Web Development
WebSockets vs. Server-Sent Events vs. WebTransport
A practical comparison of WebSockets, Server-Sent Events, and WebTransport to help pick the right real-time transport for a given use case.
2 min read
Spotify
From Peer-to-Peer to CDNs: How Spotify Actually Streams Audio
Why Spotify's early client-side streaming relied on peer-to-peer delivery, and why it later moved entirely to server and CDN-based delivery instead.
3 min read
Software Engineering
Estimation: Why It Fails and What Works Better
Why software estimates are systematically wrong in the same direction, and the practices that produce more useful forecasts than a single number ever could.
3 min read
AI
Quantization Explained: What You Lose and What You Gain
A practical breakdown of LLM quantization techniques, the real quality trade-offs behind them, and how to decide how far to push it.
3 min read
System Design
Caching Strategies Every Backend Engineer Should Know
Cache-aside, read-through, write-through, write-behind — when each pattern fits, and the invalidation trade-offs nobody escapes.
3 min read
Web Development
The Browser Rendering Pipeline: Layout, Paint, and Composite
A walkthrough of how browsers turn a style change into pixels on screen, and why some CSS properties are far cheaper to animate than others.
3 min read
AI
LLM Inference Optimization: Batching, KV Cache, and Speculative Decoding
The core techniques that make LLM inference fast and affordable at scale: batching, KV cache management, and speculative decoding explained.
3 min read
AI
Hybrid Search: Combining BM25 and Vector Similarity
Why pure vector search underperforms on keyword-heavy queries, and how to combine it with BM25 using score fusion that actually works.
3 min read
Amazon
Why Amazon Bet Early on Queues: The Philosophy Behind SQS
How Amazon's early commitment to asynchronous, queue-based decoupling shaped SQS and became a default pattern across its service architecture.
3 min read
Showing 24 of 346 articles